6 M O T I V E   P O W E R   D E V E L O P M E N T  
     This locomotive was followed by two of similar design, with cylinders 13½ inches in diameter, in 1847; and by two passenger locomotives of the American (4-4-0) type-in
Six Coupled Locomoitve
Six-coupled Locomotive with Flexible Beam Truck, as Built by The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1845
1854. These were the last locomotives purchased by the Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad from The Baldwin Locomotive Works before the State Transportation System was purchased by The Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1857.     In this connection, brief reference should be made to the portable boats which were designed and built for use on the State railroads and canals. These boats were constructed in sections, which could be coupled together when afloat and disconnected and placed on suitably designed eight-wheeled cars for transport over the railroads. In this way freight was carried over the entire System without transfer from cars to boats, or vice versa. A most interesting and complete description of these portable boats is given in a paper by J. Snowden Bell, which was published in 1920, as Baldwin Record No. 97.      Only two Baldwin locomotives were built for the Allegheny Portage Railroad, and these were heavy engines, of the ten-wheeled (4-6-0) type built in 1854 and 1856 respectively. One of them, as subsequently rebuilt at Altoona, is illustrated on page 17. 		 Although, as previously mentioned, this rail road was only 36 miles in length, it was composed of ten inclined planes and 11 so-called levels, reached an altitude of 1339 feet, and was regarded as one of the wonders of the world. 
     The locomotives operated by the State System of railroads were 73 in number at the time the System was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1857, and they had been furnished by various builders and represented a great variety of design. Five of them were condemned as unfit for service, and many of the remainder were subsequently rebuilt at the Altoona Shops, in order to conform them more nearly to the Pennsylvania standards. 
THE NEW JERSEY RAILROADS

     The State of New Jersey was a pioneer in

The Tioga
The "Tioga," Built by Norris Bros. for the Philadelphia & Columbia R. R., 1848

building railroads for the general transportation of passengers and freight. As early as 1812, John Stevens applied to the State Legislature for authority to build a railroad within its borders, but nothing was accomplished at that time. In 1832, however, the Camden & Amboy Railroad was completed between Bordentown and Amboy, a distance of 26½ miles, and the following year was extended from Bordentown to Camden, N. J., opposite Philadelphia. This road, in conjunction with a line of steamboats operated between Amboy and New York, 

 
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