10 M O T I V E   P O W E R   D E V E L O P M E N T  
The Black Hawk
The "Black Hawk," built for the Philadelphia & Trenton R. R. by The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1835. The first Baldwin Engine with outside cylinders

really required was a line of railroad traversing the entire state, and thus giving Philadelphia an outlet westbound which would enable it to successfully compete with other cities such as New York and Baltimore. Accordingly on April 13, 1846, the state Legislature passed an act incorporating the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the charter was granted by Governor Shunk on February 25, 1847. This charter authorized the Company to construct a line of railroad from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, there being already railroad connection between Harrisburg and Philadelphia via the Harrisburg and Lancaster Railroad* and the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad (State road). 
     Under the supervision of John Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the new Company, who was a man of exceptional ability, the grading of the first 20 miles of line west of Harrisburg was let on July 17, 1847; and on July 22, 1847, the first 15 miles east of Pittsburgh were placed under contract. On September 1, 1849, the First Division, extending from Harrisburg to Lewistown, 61 miles, was opened. On December 10, 1852, cars were run through from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, using the Portage Railroad over the mountains; and on February 15, 1854, 

 the Pennsylvania's own line over the mountains was formally opened, and trains were run through without using the inclined planes. The system of State Railroads was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company on August 1, 1857, and the Harrisburg and Lancaster Railroad was leased on December 29, 1860, for 999 years, thus finally giving the Pennsylvania its own line between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. 
     The early motive power history of the Pennsylvania Railroad was typical of that of the majority of the railroads of the period. There were in existence a comparatively large number of independent locomotive builders, each of whom had standards of his own which he naturally maintained were superior to those of his competitors; and as the Motive Power departments of the rail 
first true Mogul Locomotive
The first true Mogul Locomotive, built by the Rogers Locomotive works for the New Jersey R. R. & Transportation Co., 1863

roads were not sufficiently well organized to prepare designs, the result was a remarkable variety of locomotive types on each road, having detail parts which were anything but interchangeable. In the case of the Pennsylvania Railroad this condition was to some extent aggravated by reason of the various types of locomotives owned by the roads which were from time to time leased or purchased. 
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* The full name of this line, which was organized in 1835, was the Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mt. Joy and Lancaster Railroad, but it is usually referred to as the Harrisburg and Lancaster.
 
Cylinders  16" x 24" 
Drivers, diam. 60"

     Equipped with Stephenson link motion outside driving wheels.
      Used in express passenger service between Jersey City and New Brunswick. Cut up by Pennsylvania R.R. in 1882.

 American Type Passenger Locomotive
American Type Passenger Locomotive. built by the New Jersey R. R. and Transportation Co. to Designs of John Headden, M. M., at the Jersey City Shops. 1867

 
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